Iron casting is a process of injecting molten iron into the cavity of a prefabricated mold and obtaining a metal part of the desired shape after cooling and solidification. Its core advantages are low cost, strong adaptability, and the ability to produce complex geometric parts. It is widely used in the fields of automobiles, machinery, energy, etc. According to the differences in mold materials and processes, iron casting is mainly divided into sand casting, metal mold casting, and investment casting, among which sand casting occupies a dominant position due to its flexibility and economy.